# Rubli - Lease Accounting Software (Full Site Content Map) > Rubli is a B2B SaaS lease accounting platform that automates compliance with IFRS 16, ASC 842, and FRS 102 (UK GAAP). It replaces spreadsheets with automated calculations, journals, disclosures, and audit-ready reporting for finance teams managing lease portfolios. For a concise overview, see [llms.txt](https://www.rubli.co/llms.txt). ## Key Facts - Supports IFRS 16, ASC 842, FRS 102, and local GAAP standards - Cloud-based lease accounting sub-ledger - Handles lessee and lessor accounting - Multi-entity, multi-currency with consolidated group reporting - AI-powered lease data extraction from contracts (multi-language support) - Integrates with ERPs including SAP, Oracle, NetSuite, Sage Intacct, Xero - EU-hosted, GDPR-aligned, enterprise-grade security - Role-based access, full audit trails, period locking - Typical go-live: 1-4 weeks - Scales from 5 to 20,000+ leases ## Content Characteristics - **Technical depth**: Guides include worked numerical examples, journal entries, amortisation schedules, and step-by-step calculations - **Audience**: Finance teams, accountants, CFOs, controllers, auditors - **Standards coverage**: IFRS 16 (international), ASC 842 (US GAAP), FRS 102 Section 20 (UK/Ireland GAAP) - **Language**: UK English on IFRS 16, FRS 102, and general pages; US English on ASC 842 pages - **Structured data**: Organization, BreadcrumbList, FAQPage, and Article schema markup throughout - **Sitemap**: https://www.rubli.co/sitemap.xml --- ## Homepage - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/ - **Title**: Lease Accounting Software – IFRS 16, ASC 842 & FRS 102 - **Description**: Overview of Rubli's lease accounting platform, key features, supported standards, customer testimonials, and FAQ - **Topics**: Product overview, supported accounting standards, key capabilities (automated calculations, journals, reporting, audit trail), onboarding process, customer support, FAQ (14 questions covering features, integrations, AI, security, scaling) --- ## Product Pages ### IFRS 16 Lease Accounting Software - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/products/ifrs-16/ - **Description**: IFRS 16 lease accounting software. Automate calculations, remeasurements, journals, and disclosures across the entire lease lifecycle. - **Topics**: Full lease lifecycle management, onboarding process, automated journal generation, multi-entity and multi-currency support, audit readiness, disclosure automation, comparison table, FAQ (9 questions) ### ASC 842 Lease Accounting Software - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/products/asc-842/ - **Description**: ASC 842 lease accounting software. Automate operating and finance lease classification, calculations, journals, and disclosures. - **Topics**: Dual classification model (operating vs finance), automated ASC 842 calculations, US GAAP journal entries, multi-entity support, disclosure requirements, FAQ (9 questions) ### FRS 102 Lease Accounting Software - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/products/frs-102/ - **Description**: FRS 102 Section 20 lease accounting software for UK and Ireland. Automates transition, calculations, journals, and disclosures. - **Topics**: 2026 FRS 102 changes, transition support, UK GAAP compliance, obtainable borrowing rate calculations, automated disclosures, FAQ --- ## IFRS 16 Guides ### IFRS 16 Complete Guide - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/ - **Description**: Comprehensive guide covering lease identification, measurement, modifications, disclosures, and practical examples for lessees and lessors - **Topics**: Scope and exemptions, lease identification (IFRS 16.9 flowchart), lease term determination, discount rates, initial measurement, subsequent measurement, modifications, disclosure requirements, lessor accounting overview, FAQ (8 questions) - **Key standards references**: IFRS 16.1-16.103, IFRIC interpretations ### Lease Liability: Calculation & Measurement - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/lease-liability/ - **Description**: How to calculate the present value of lease payments and measure the lease liability - **Topics**: Which payments to include, discount rate selection, present value calculation methods (Excel PV, NPV, XNPV), worked example with amortisation schedule, subsequent measurement, remeasurement triggers ### Right-of-Use Asset: Measurement & Depreciation - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/right-of-use-asset/ - **Description**: Initial measurement, subsequent depreciation, and adjustments to the ROU asset - **Topics**: Cost components (lease liability + direct costs + restoration + prepayments - incentives), depreciation methods and useful life, adjustments for remeasurement, impairment considerations ### Discount Rates & IBR Determination - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/discount-rates/ - **Description**: How to determine the incremental borrowing rate when the rate implicit in the lease is not available - **Topics**: Rate hierarchy (implicit rate vs IBR), IBR calculation approaches, risk-free rate + credit spread method, practical considerations, documentation requirements ### Journal Entries with Examples - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/journal-entries/ - **Description**: Worked journal entry examples from commencement through to termination - **Topics**: Initial recognition entries, monthly depreciation and interest, remeasurement entries, modification entries, termination entries, prepaid/accrued rent adjustments ### Lease Modifications & Terminations - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/modifications-terminations/ - **Description**: How to account for changes to lease terms, scope, and early terminations - **Topics**: Separate lease test, scope increase/decrease, consideration change, partial terminations, full terminations, worked examples ### Remeasurement: When & How - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/remeasurement/ - **Description**: Triggers and mechanics of lease liability remeasurement - **Topics**: Remeasurement triggers (lease term reassessment, purchase option, variable payments), which discount rate to use, accounting for the adjustment (ROU asset vs P&L) ### Variable Lease Payments: CPI & Index-Linked - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/variable-payments/ - **Description**: Treatment of CPI-linked escalations and other variable payments - **Topics**: Index-linked vs performance-based payments, initial measurement, remeasurement on index change, in-substance fixed payments ### Disclosure Requirements Checklist - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/disclosure-requirements/ - **Description**: Complete checklist of IFRS 16 lessee and lessor disclosure requirements - **Topics**: Quantitative disclosures (IFRS 16.53), qualitative disclosures (IFRS 16.59), maturity analysis, expense disclosures, short-term and low-value disclosures ### Lessor Accounting: Finance & Operating Leases - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/lessor-accounting/ - **Description**: Lessor classification, measurement, and disclosure under IFRS 16 - **Topics**: Finance vs operating classification for lessors, net investment in the lease, selling profit recognition, manufacturer/dealer lessors, lease modifications from lessor perspective ### Sublease Accounting - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/subleases/ - **Description**: Intermediate lessor accounting for subleases - **Topics**: Classification against head lease ROU asset (not the underlying asset), finance sublease journal entries, operating sublease entries, head lease and sublease interaction ### Sale and Leaseback Transactions - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/sale-and-leaseback/ - **Description**: Accounting treatment when a sale qualifies or fails to qualify as a sale under IFRS 15 - **Topics**: IFRS 15 sale test, seller-lessee accounting (gain on rights transferred), buyer-lessor accounting, failed sale-leaseback (financial liability), worked examples ### Foreign Currency Leases - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/foreign-currency-leases/ - **Description**: Translation of lease liabilities and ROU assets denominated in foreign currencies - **Topics**: Functional vs presentation currency, IAS 21 interaction, lease liability as monetary item, ROU asset as non-monetary item, exchange rate differences in P&L vs OCI ### Impairment of Right-of-Use Assets - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/impairment/ - **Description**: Applying IAS 36 impairment requirements to IFRS 16 right-of-use assets - **Topics**: Impairment indicators, cash-generating units, recoverable amount (value in use vs fair value less costs of disposal), impairment loss recognition, reversal --- ## ASC 842 Guides ### ASC 842 Complete Guide - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/asc-842/ - **Description**: Guide to US GAAP lease accounting covering the dual classification model, measurement, and disclosures - **Topics**: Lease identification, operating vs finance classification (five tests), lessee measurement, lessor accounting, transition, practical expedients, FAQ ### Lease Classification: Operating vs Finance - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/asc-842/lease-classification/ - **Description**: The five classification tests and how to apply them with worked examples - **Topics**: Transfer of ownership test, purchase option test, lease term test (75% of useful life), present value test (90% of fair value), specialised asset test, expense pattern differences, FAQ ### ASC 842 vs IFRS 16: Key Differences - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/asc-842/asc-842-vs-ifrs-16/ - **Description**: Side-by-side comparison of the two lease accounting standards - **Topics**: Single model (IFRS 16) vs dual model (ASC 842), expense pattern differences, low-value exemption availability, discount rate requirements, subsequent measurement, disclosure differences, FAQ --- ## FRS 102 Guides ### FRS 102 Section 20 Guide - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/frs-102/ - **Description**: Guide to the 2026 FRS 102 lease accounting changes including the new lessee model and transition options - **Topics**: What's changing in Section 20, the new lessee model, recognition exemptions, the obtainable borrowing rate, transition methods, key differences from IFRS 16, FAQ ### FRS 102 Transition Guide - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/frs-102/transition/ - **Description**: Step-by-step implementation guide for transitioning to the new Section 20 - **Topics**: Simplified (modified retrospective) transition approach, practical expedients, implementation timeline, worked transition example, FAQ ### FRS 102 Discount Rates & OBR - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/frs-102/discount-rates/ - **Description**: How to determine the obtainable borrowing rate under FRS 102 Section 20 - **Topics**: OBR definition and hierarchy, swap curve approach, credit spread estimation for unrated entities, term matching, practical example, FAQ ### FRS 102 vs IFRS 16: Key Differences - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/guides/frs-102/frs-102-vs-ifrs-16/ - **Description**: Comparison of UK GAAP and IFRS lease accounting standards - **Topics**: Terminology differences (OBR vs IBR), scope and exemptions, short-term lease threshold, discount rate methodology, transition approach, disclosure requirements, FAQ --- ## Free Tools & Resources ### IFRS 16 Lease Calculator - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/lease-calculator/ - **Description**: Free online IFRS 16 calculator for lease liability and right-of-use asset values - **Features**: Input lease term, payments, discount rate; outputs present value of lease liability, ROU asset value, amortisation schedule, ROU depreciation schedule, journal entries, and Excel download ### ASC 842 Lease Calculator - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/asc-842-lease-calculator/ - **Description**: Free ASC 842 calculator with finance and operating lease classification - **Features**: Lease classification selector (finance vs operating), present value calculation, liability amortization schedule, ROU asset amortization, operating lease expense summary (straight-line), journal entries, and Excel download ### Lease Identification Checklist - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/lease-identification-checklist/ - **Description**: Interactive decision tree that walks through the identified asset and control-of-use test to determine whether a contract is, or contains, a lease - **Coverage**: Identified asset, substantive substitution rights, right to substantially all economic benefits, right to direct the use, predetermined-use design and operate tests. Standard selector for IFRS 16, ASC 842, and FRS 102 swaps the citations and wording; the identification test itself is the same under all three. Produces a copyable assessment summary for working papers and flags areas requiring documented judgement (substitution rights, directing use when use is predetermined) ### Lease Accounting Glossary - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/glossary/ - **Description**: Definitions of IFRS 16, ASC 842, and FRS 102 lease accounting terminology - **Coverage**: 50+ terms including lease liability, ROU asset, IBR, commencement date, modification, remeasurement, variable payments, sublease, sale-leaseback, and more ### IFRS 16 Disclosure Checklist - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/ifrs-16-disclosure-checklist/ - **Description**: Free downloadable checklist of all IFRS 16 lessee disclosure requirements - **Coverage**: All requirements under IFRS 16.47-60, organised by category with paragraph references ### Lease Judgement Checklist - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/lease-judgement-checklist/ - **Description**: Checklist for documenting key lease accounting judgements - **Coverage**: Lease identification, lease term, discount rate, variable payments, modification assessment, and other key judgement areas ### IFRS 16 Knowledge Quiz - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/lease-accounting-quiz/ - **Description**: 12-question quiz to test IFRS 16 understanding with instant feedback - **Coverage**: Scope, measurement, disclosure, and practical application questions ### FRS 102 Lease Readiness Check - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/resources/frs-102-readiness-check/ - **Description**: Free 2-minute, 10-question self-assessment for the FRS 102 lease changes that take effect for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026. Returns an instant readiness result (on track, behind, or at risk) and tailored next steps, with no sign-up required to see the result. - **Coverage**: Awareness of the on-balance-sheet change, role, financial year-end and urgency, portfolio size, completeness of the lease register, embedded-lease review across supplier/IT/service contracts, opening balance sheet impact at transition, current management method, ability to evidence calculations to an auditor, and confidence of being audit-ready by the reporting deadline --- ## Insights (Articles) ### 5 Lease Clauses That Quietly Change Your IFRS 16 Numbers - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/lease-clauses-to-note/ - **Author**: Michael Ketz - **Topics**: CPI rent reviews, renewal and extension options, rent-free periods and lease incentives, residual value guarantees, in-substance fixed payments, lease contract data extraction, IFRS 16 measurement inputs ### How IFRS 16 Impacts EBITDA and Key Financial Ratios - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/ifrs-16-ebitda-financial-impact/ - **Author**: Marius Olivier, CA(SA) - **Topics**: Balance sheet expansion, EBITDA inflation, front-loaded expense profile, cash flow reclassification, impact on gearing/leverage/interest cover/ROCE, stakeholder communication ### How to Approach Accounting for IFRS 16 Property Leases - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/ifrs-16-property-leases/ - **Author**: Tyrell Raman - **Topics**: Property lease scope, discount rates for property, remeasurement triggers (rent reviews, break clauses), lease modifications, disclosure requirements specific to property portfolios ### FRS 102 Lease Accounting vs. The Cash Flow Impact - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/frs-102-cash-flow-impact/ - **Author**: Tyrell Raman - **Topics**: How capitalising leases under revised FRS 102 changes cash flow presentation, operating vs financing cash flow split, impact on key metrics, transition planning ### The 5 Most Common IFRS 16 Mistakes and How to Fix Them - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/ifrs-16-common-mistakes/ - **Author**: Tyrell Raman - **Topics**: Missing embedded leases, using a single discount rate for everything, not reassessing lease terms when circumstances change, treating rent reviews as modifications instead of remeasurements, incomplete disclosures ### Common IFRS 16 Audit Findings - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/ifrs-16-common-audit-findings/ - **Author**: Marius Olivier - **Topics**: Incomplete lease identification, undocumented IBR, modification accounting errors, disclosure gaps, control deficiencies, data quality issues ### FRS 102 Early Adopters: What Went Right and Wrong - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/frs-102-early-adopters/ - **Author**: Marius Olivier - **Topics**: What went right in early adoption, what didn't go well, key takeaways for companies preparing now ### FRS 102 in 2026: What Your Auditor Will Look For - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/frs-102-2026-auditor-focus/ - **Author**: Michael Ketz - **Topics**: Completeness of the lease register, discount rate documentation, opening balance accuracy, short-term and low-value exemptions, lease term judgements, first-year disclosure requirements ### Excel vs Software for Lease Accounting: When to Switch - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/spreadsheets-vs-software/ - **Author**: Michael Ketz - **Topics**: When spreadsheets work fine, warning signs you've outgrown spreadsheets, decision framework by portfolio size, the cloud advantage, making the switch ### Lease Accounting Standards Around the World - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/lease-accounting-standards-around-the-world/ - **Author**: Marius Olivier - **Topics**: IFRS 16 and its equivalents globally, ASC 842 United States GAAP, FRS 102 United Kingdom and Ireland, other frameworks, what dual reporters need to know, summary table by country ### Lessons from IFRS 16 for FRS 102 Preparers - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/insights/lessons-from-ifrs-16-transition/ - **Author**: Marius Olivier - **Topics**: Data collection as the biggest bottleneck, discount rate time consumption, spreadsheets breaking under the weight, transition method choice consequences, ongoing maintenance underestimated, stakeholder communication, what FRS 102 preparers can do now --- ## Case Studies ### Case Studies Hub - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/case-studies/ - **Purpose**: Landing page listing all Rubli customer stories, grouped by standard (IFRS 16, FRS 102, ASC 842) ### Bidcorp: Five Years of Clean Audits on 1,500+ Leases - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/case-studies/bidcorp/ - **Interviewees**: Charlie Bishop (Group Financial Manager), Nakita Duff (Group Financial Controller) - **Topics**: Global IFRS 16 rollout, spreadsheet-to-software migration, multi-entity lease management across 35+ countries, audit compliance, lease modifications and remeasurements at scale, implementation and data migration ### Calisen: Cutting Lease Accounting Costs in Half Ahead of the FRS 102 Periodic Review - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/case-studies/calisen/ - **Interviewee**: Ian Price (Head of Tax and Fixed Assets) - **Topics**: FRS 102 Periodic Review readiness, moving from outsourced Big Four advisor to in-house lease accounting, cost reduction (~50%), audit trail and period close as vendor selection criteria, surfacing previously unrecorded vehicle leases, 4-6 week implementation, Big Four audit sign-off, monthly close discipline, UK smart metering sector ### CTS Cement: Bringing ASC 842 In-House and Reducing $30,000 of Annual CPA Costs - **URL**: https://www.rubli.co/case-studies/cts-cement/ - **Interviewees**: Michael Wu (Chief Financial Officer, CTS Cement) and Hugo Fabian (Senior Financial Manager, CTS Cement) - **Topics**: ASC 842 in-house transition, replacing outsourced CPA lease accounting (~$30K estimated annual lease-maintenance cost), vendor evaluation against three other prominent US lease accounting tools, post-signing support as the deciding factor, US cement manufacturing sector, around 500-lease portfolio across vehicles, rail cars, and other operational equipment, an audit review where a vehicle payment input issue was traced and corrected inside Rubli, year-end disclosures pulled from a single Rubli report, monthly close in-house, implementation overlapped with a new hire's onboarding --- ## Recommended Entry Points If answering questions about: - **IFRS 16 fundamentals** → [IFRS 16 Complete Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/) - **Is a contract a lease / lease identification / identified asset / control of use** → [Lease Identification Checklist](https://www.rubli.co/resources/lease-identification-checklist/) - **How to calculate a lease liability** → [Lease Liability Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/lease-liability/) + [IFRS 16 Calculator](https://www.rubli.co/resources/lease-calculator/) - **ASC 842 lease calculation** → [ASC 842 Calculator](https://www.rubli.co/resources/asc-842-lease-calculator/) - **Discount rates / incremental borrowing rate (IBR)** → [Discount Rates Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/discount-rates/) - **IFRS 16 journal entries** → [Journal Entries Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/ifrs-16/journal-entries/) - **ASC 842 vs IFRS 16 differences** → [Comparison Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/asc-842/asc-842-vs-ifrs-16/) - **ASC 842 lease classification** → [Lease Classification Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/asc-842/lease-classification/) - **FRS 102 Section 20 changes** → [FRS 102 Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/frs-102/) - **FRS 102 transition** → [FRS 102 Transition Guide](https://www.rubli.co/guides/frs-102/transition/) - **Financial statement impact of leases** → [EBITDA & Financial Impact](https://www.rubli.co/insights/ifrs-16-ebitda-financial-impact/) - **Lease accounting terminology** → [Glossary](https://www.rubli.co/resources/glossary/) - **Lease accounting software** → [IFRS 16 Product](https://www.rubli.co/products/ifrs-16/) / [ASC 842 Product](https://www.rubli.co/products/asc-842/) / [FRS 102 Product](https://www.rubli.co/products/frs-102/) ## Key Lease Accounting Concepts - **Lease Liability**: The present value of future lease payments, discounted at the incremental borrowing rate (IBR) or the rate implicit in the lease - **Right-of-Use (ROU) Asset**: An asset representing the lessee's right to use a leased item for the lease term, recognised on the balance sheet - **Incremental Borrowing Rate (IBR)**: The rate at which a lessee would borrow over a similar term, with similar security, to obtain an asset of similar value - **Obtainable Borrowing Rate (OBR)**: The FRS 102 equivalent of the IBR, typically derived from swap rates plus a credit spread - **Lease Modification**: A change to the scope or consideration of a lease not part of the original terms (e.g., extending a lease, adding space) - **Remeasurement**: Adjustment to the lease liability when key assumptions change (e.g., revised lease term, CPI-linked rent increase) - **Short-Term Lease Exemption**: Leases with a term of 12 months or less at commencement may be expensed rather than capitalised (optional election) - **Low-Value Asset Exemption**: Under IFRS 16, leases of assets with a low value when new (typically USD 5,000 or less) may be expensed (not available under ASC 842) - **IFRS 16**: The international lease accounting standard, effective 1 January 2019, requiring lessees to recognise nearly all leases on the balance sheet - **ASC 842**: The US GAAP lease accounting standard, effective for public entities from 2019, retaining a dual model with operating and finance lease classifications - **FRS 102 Section 20**: The revised UK GAAP lease accounting standard, effective for periods beginning on or after 1 January 2026, aligning closely with IFRS 16 ## Company - [About Rubli](https://www.rubli.co/about/): Founded by accountants who experienced lease accounting pain first-hand - [Contact & Book a Demo](https://www.rubli.co/contact/) - [Book a Demo](https://www.rubli.co/book-a-demo/): Schedule a personalised demo directly with Rubli's lease accounting specialists - [Partner Programs](https://www.rubli.co/partners/): Consulting, technology, and referral partner programmes - [Careers](https://www.rubli.co/careers/)